Taylors Law and the Right to Strike by Public Employees Essay

Taylors Law and the Right to Strike by Public Employees - Essay Example Following the need to include transit public workers who were caught up in the strikes in 1966, George W. Taylor designed a law that was named after him. The chairman was a labor researcher who was not in great support of the public worker strikes. It is believed that other panel members did not want their name in the law as they considered the unions for public employees to be very articulate in opposing the new law2. His law gives the involved Public Employment and Relations Board that is selected by a governor the authority to solve contract disputes between the government and its workers. The Taylors law is also referred to as the fair employment act for The Public Employees and  is defined as article 14 of the New York civil service law. The Taylors law gives a framework for the public employee unions basic rights and limitations3. The Taylors law does not give the public employees and their unions a voice during strikes pertaining to injustices in their working environments. The law, for example, has been quoted as being extremely unjust to municipal workers in New York. The workers claim that the law does not give the government an incentive to rectify contracts problems on a timely basis. Through binding arbitration and mediation, it ensures that public employees are punished heavily for strikes. The Taylors law fails to protect them from work stoppages an illegal act that is punishable by jail time and fines4. Although the public employees feel abandoned by the Taylors Law during strikes on contract issues, the law made better amendments to the Condon-Wadlin Act that called for the firing of the employees upon participation in strikes5. The Taylors law gives employees  in the public sector the right and freedom to organize a governing union and freely appoint their union leaders6. As defined by the law, it gives public employees permission to engage and negotiate terms of agreements with the

Biotechnology in healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Biotechnology in healthcare - Essay Example Biotechnology has been around in some form for a very long time, but in the last few decades it has changed drastically to become a modern science that is crucial to the determination of the molecular mechanisms behind disease. Early biotechnology included baking bread and making such fermented food products as beer, wine, cheese, and yoghurt; all of these processes could be considered biotechnology as they require the use of bacterial enzymes to complete. However, this is not what most scientists today consider to be biotechnology, and the first modern use of the term ‘biotechnology’ was in a 1919 publication by Karl Ereky. Ereky was a Hungarian engineer and economist. In his paper on biotechnology, he predicted an â€Å"age of biochemistry† which would rival previous technological periods in human history (Bruggemeier 2006). Given the current state of modern medicine and pharmacology, it seems that Ereky's prediction is correct; biochemistry and its brain child, biotechnology, are the way of the future. Modern medicine would be nearly impossible without the many almost miraculous discoveries of biotechnology. Biotechnology has infiltrated medical practice at all levels, from basic preventative care by family doctors and general practitioners all the way to specialized diagnostic techniques and highly individualized and effective treatments. The article seeks to provide basic and applied information on how biotechnology has been useful in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Prevention: Preventive medicine is the prospective treatment of disease, an attempt to stop an illness from occurring before it starts and to keep patients in an overall healthy state. Prevention of the disease and/or illness is the objective. This is done through screening patient populations for high-risk groups and providing education and early interventions to those patients, and by providing general prophylactic care such as vaccination or vitamins. Biotechnology in preventative care is best exemplified through the recent advantages of vaccination. A classic example is the vaccination of humans with attenuated bacteria in order to control diseases caused by such bacteria. This type of vaccination with attenuated bacterial vaccines or its modified derivatives to express antigens from the pathogens has the merit of inducing protective immunity to those pathogens (Curtiss, 2002). Furthermore, vaccination with live recombinant attenuated bacterial antigen affords the in vivo production of the antigen in immunized individual long after immunization. This is an effective yet inexpensive vaccination approach. Vaccination is not restricted to the bacteria. Other pathogenic organism, such as viruses, fungi, etc can be use. For instance, a live, oral attenuated vaccine developed from the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) has been shown in a trial study conducted in Finland and the United States to prevent 98% of severe rotavirus diarrh ea (Patel et al. 2009). As shown in Table 1, an association did exist between the rotavirus vaccine and the rotavirus disease (Patel et al. 2009). Table 1. Association between Rotavirus Vaccination and Rotavirus Disease Requiring Hospital Admission or Intravenous Hydration adapted from Patel et al. 2009. The ability to sequence viral genomes offers another vaccination approach that applied biotechnology fundamentals. Understanding the genome of a virus means researchers